Jerusalem District Central Unit

By TPS-IL • December 25, 2025

Jerusalem, 25 December, 2025 (TPS-IL) — For decades, some of the most intimate records of German Jewish life before the Holocaust have been preserved quietly in archives in Jerusalem, far from the classrooms where history is first encountered. That is now set to change.

As part of its 70th anniversary, the Leo Baeck Institute in Jerusalem told TPS-IL it has launched Entangled Lives, a new digital platform that will, for the first time, integrate rare archival materials held in Israel into history curricula in schools in both Israel and Germany. Unlike existing educational initiatives that focus primarily on the Holocaust, including those led by Yad Vashem, the project reaches further back in time, offering students direct engagement with original documents and personal life stories.

By exposing high school students to the human texture of German Jewish history beyond the Shoah, as the Holocaust is referred to in Hebrew, the platform aims to deepen historical understanding and contribute to confronting contemporary antisemitism, the institute said.

“Historical learning, understanding historical processes, and how this affects individual lives helps to think in perspective, to learn understanding complexity, to question ‘fake news,’ and to overcome black and white thinking,” Dr. Irene Aue-Ben-David, CEO of the Leo Baeck Institute in Jerusalem, told TPS-IL.

Entangled Lives draws on the institute’s extensive archive of photographs, letters, documents, and personal collections originating in Germany and preserved in Jerusalem. The platform presents life stories of individuals born in Germany whose paths diverged during the upheavals of the 20th century, including migration to Mandatory Palestine and to other parts of the world. Students using the platform will be able to work directly with authentic historical sources, exploring the lived experience behind major historical developments, Aue-Ben-David said.

“This goes far beyond the Shoah. The aim and task is indeed to research this history in a wider sense. In an age of information overload and growing challenges in teaching history, it is profoundly important to connect students with primary sources… in that sense, it might help the fight against antisemitism,” Aue-Ben-David said.

The first two stories featured on the platform focus on sharply different trajectories. One is Aliza Nagidi, a Berlin-born photographer and committed Zionist whose work documented both community life and her own personal journey. The second is Willy Lewison, a young German who enlisted in the German army during World War I, fought on the Eastern Front, and was taken prisoner in Russia.

The project is a joint effort between the Leo Baeck Institute and the German-Israeli Textbook Commission (DISBK). Founded in 2010, the commission examines how Israel and Germany are represented in each other’s textbooks and offers recommendations aimed at improving accuracy, balance, and historical sensitivity. The Leo Baeck Institute, established 70 years ago with centers in Jerusalem, London, and New York, is a leading research institution dedicated to the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry.

Tal Kopel, a history teacher from Jerusalem, told TPS-IL that “the initiative will give us, as history teachers, the ability to connect students to real people rather than to abstract headings like ‘German Jews.’ For a generation that shapes its worldview through visual tools, this is an important step in linking Jewish history to the present.”

Aue-Ben-David said an initial version of the platform is already accessible for teachers, with a full release expected in the coming months.

By Pesach Benson • December 25, 2025

Jerusalem, 25 December, 2025 (TPS-IL) — Most people like to think they want the truth, but daily life suggests otherwise. From unopened medical test results to investment accounts left unchecked during a market slump, people often choose not to know. New Israeli-Dutch research suggests that this instinct is not about denial or irresponsibility, but about managing emotional pain.

The study, led by Prof. Yaniv Shani of the Coller School of Management at Tel Aviv University and Prof. Marcel Zeelenberg of the Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences in the Netherlands, argues that avoiding information and actively seeking painful information are not opposite behaviors. Instead, both stem from the same emotional process: an effort to regulate distress in situations perceived as threatening.

“Our decisions about information are not only functional but often emotional,” the researchers wrote. “People constantly navigate between the desire to know and the instinct to protect themselves, weighing which option will hurt less — the painful truth or the uncertainty.”

Much of the existing research on so-called willful ignorance has focused on moral explanations, suggesting people avoid information primarily to escape responsibility or guilt toward others. The new study offers a broader and more personal account. According to the researchers, people often avoid information simply because they feel unable to cope with its emotional impact at a particular moment.

The study — published in the peer-reviewed Current Opinion in Psychology — is based on a broad review of recent empirical research alongside the authors’ own studies on information avoidance and on seeking information that serves no practical purpose. From this body of work, the researchers developed a simple framework built around two questions: “Can I bear uncertainty?” and “Can I bear the truth?”

The answers to those questions, they argue, determine whether a person avoids information or insists on knowing it. Importantly, the same individual may shift between the two strategies depending on circumstances and emotional capacity. “These behaviors are not opposites,” the researchers wrote. “They are two tools people use to regulate emotions and prevent psychological overload.”

The study points to common examples: individuals who postpone checking medical test results before a holiday, or investors who avoid reviewing their portfolios during periods of market volatility. “This behavior does not reflect indifference,” Shani said. “In many cases, people fully intend to face the information later. They are choosing when to confront the emotional burden.”

At the same time, the researchers identify an apparently contradictory pattern that arises from the same emotional mechanism. In situations dominated by uncertainty, people often seek out information they know will be painful, even when it offers no practical benefit. Consumers frequently check the prices of items they have already purchased to see whether they overpaid, despite knowing the decision cannot be reversed.

“In these cases, uncertainty itself becomes the greater source of distress,” Zeelenberg said. “Knowing may hurt, but not knowing can hurt more.”

This pattern was particularly evident in Israel following the October 7 attack, when many families sought definitive information about the fate of loved ones even when they understood the news could be devastating. The researchers note that prolonged uncertainty can generate ongoing emotional strain, while painful knowledge can sometimes bring a sense of closure.

“People are constantly weighing which emotional cost is easier to bear,” they wrote. “The truth, or the uncertainty.”

The study also examined moral situations, noting that people sometimes prefer not to know how their actions affect others in order to avoid guilt. However, when avoiding information risks serious harm, an inability to tolerate uncertainty may instead compel individuals to confront uncomfortable truths.

The study’s findings have practical applications across healthcare, public institutions, business, and digital communication. By showing that people’s decisions to seek or avoid information are driven by emotional coping, organizations can tailor how and when they deliver sensitive information.

In healthcare, test results or diagnoses can be shared with timing and support that reduce emotional overload. Governments and emergency services can structure updates during crises to balance urgency with people’s ability to cope. Businesses can present financial or product information in ways that acknowledge customers’ emotional responses, and digital platforms can design alerts or news feeds to prevent unnecessary stress.

“What matters is not only what information is conveyed, but how and when it is delivered,” Shani said.

By Pesach Benson • December 23, 2025

Jerusalem, 23 December, 2025 (TPS-IL) — Doctors have long known that gestational diabetes increases the risk of complications for both mothers and babies, but exactly how it harms the developing fetus has remained unclear. A new study from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem has now identified a previously unknown molecular process in the placenta that may help explain those risks and open new pathways for treatment.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and is increasing in prevalence worldwide. It exposes the fetus to an abnormal metabolic environment, including elevated maternal blood glucose levels. The condition is associated with complications such as babies being born too large or too small, higher rates of caesarean and pre-term deliveries, and increased neonatal risks.

In addition, children born to mothers with gestational diabetes also face a higher likelihood of obesity and diabetes later in life.

Because diagnostic criteria and screening practices differ, there is no single global rate, but most estimates place gestational diabetes in about 10–15% of pregnancies worldwide, making it one of the most common pregnancy complications. When gestational diabetes is diagnosed, treatment focuses on controlling blood sugar levels to protect both the mother and the fetus.

The new research shows that gestational diabetes alters a fundamental biological process in the placenta known as RNA splicing. Splicing is the step in which genetic messages are assembled before being translated into proteins. According to the scientists, this is the first evidence that gestational diabetes causes widespread errors in placental RNA splicing, leading to hundreds of incorrectly assembled genetic messages that may impair how the placenta functions.

The study was led by Prof. Maayan Salton of the Faculty of Medicine at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Dr. Tal Schiller of the Hebrew University’s Kaplan Medical Center and Wolfson Medical Center at Tel Aviv University, together with PhD students Eden Engal and Adi Gershon. Researchers from other Israeli and European institutions were also involved. The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal Diabetes.

Using advanced RNA sequencing data from both European and Chinese pregnancy cohorts, the researchers identified hundreds of consistent splicing alterations in placentas affected by gestational diabetes. Many of the affected genes play key roles in metabolism and diabetes-related pathways. The fact that the same molecular changes were observed across distinct populations suggests that disrupted splicing is a core feature of gestational diabetes rather than a secondary or population-specific effect.

A central discovery of the study was the role of a protein called SRSF10, which helps regulate RNA splicing. When the researchers experimentally reduced SRSF10 activity in placental cells, they observed the same splicing errors seen in gestational diabetes. This indicates that SRSF10 is not merely associated with the disease but may actively drive placental dysfunction. The identification of SRSF10 as a key regulator had not previously been linked to gestational diabetes or placental biology.

“By pinpointing the specific molecular players involved, like the SRSF10 protein, we can start thinking about how to translate this knowledge into real-world strategies to improve pregnancy outcomes,” Schiller said.

Gestational diabetes is typically managed through diet, exercise, and insulin, approaches that control blood sugar but do not address underlying placental changes. By uncovering a direct link between maternal metabolism, placental RNA splicing, and fetal risk, the researchers say the study opens new avenues for interventions aimed at reducing both immediate complications and long-term health consequences for children.

First, the findings provide a clear biological explanation for pregnancy and long-term offspring complications that are not fully prevented by glucose control alone. Clinically, many women have well-managed blood sugar, yet their children still face higher metabolic risks. This study suggests that placental molecular dysfunction, not just blood glucose levels, may be driving some of those outcomes.

Second, the research identifies placental RNA splicing as a new therapeutic target. This opens the door to placenta-focused interventions aimed at correcting molecular errors rather than only managing symptoms.

Third, the identification of SRSF10 as a key regulator has practical research and drug-development implications. Because reducing SRSF10 activity reproduced gestational diabetes–like defects in placental cells, the protein could serve as a drug target or a pathway to modulate. Even partial correction of its activity might reduce placental dysfunction and downstream fetal risk.

Fourth, the findings may lead to new biomarkers for risk stratification. Splicing signatures or SRSF10-related molecular changes in placental tissue — or potentially in maternal blood — could help identify pregnancies at higher risk of complications, even when glucose levels appear well controlled.

Fifth, the study supports more personalized management of gestational diabetes. In the long term, clinicians may be able to distinguish between patients whose pregnancies are primarily affected by metabolic imbalance and those with pronounced placental molecular disruption, allowing for tailored monitoring and intervention strategies.

“By understanding how gestational diabetes disrupts the placenta at the molecular level, we can begin to imagine new ways to protect the offspring,” Salton said.

By Pesach Benson • December 22, 2025

Jerusalem, 22 December, 2025 (TPS-IL) — Israel’s technology sector saw a sharp rebound in 2025, with estimated private funding reaching $15.6 billion, according to early figures released Monday by Startup Nation Central. At the same time, overall deal volume fell to 717 rounds, the lowest in a decade. The data suggest a market increasingly focused on fewer, larger, and more mature companies.

In an exclusive interview with The Press Service of Israel, Yariv Lotan, VP of Product and Data at Startup Nation Central (SNC), highlighted the significance of the numbers. “The year-end figures show direction, not just recovery,” he said. “Investors are making fewer decisions and writing much larger checks. A record $10 million median deal size, and mega-rounds capturing around 50% of total capital, signal a market that has recalibrated toward scale, maturity, and conviction.”

SNC is a Tel Aviv-based non-profit that promotes Israeli startups and innovation.

Lotan also noted the risks of concentrated funding. “When capital concentrates, access becomes uneven, and early-stage experimentation can narrow. Israel’s long-term strength depends on supporting new founders while enabling proven companies to scale,” he said. He added that AI is helping offset tighter early-stage funding conditions, allowing founders to build products and validate markets with fewer resources.

Mergers and acquisitions dominated headlines. Total M&A value reached $74.3 billion across 150 deals. Two transactions drove much of the total: Google’s $32 billion acquisition of Wiz and Palo Alto Networks’ $25 billion purchase of CyberArk. Even excluding those, M&A value rose 12% compared with 2024.

“Large acquisitions can reduce the number of independent scale-ups in the short term, but they also recycle capital, create experienced operators, and fuel the next generation of companies,” Lotan said. He emphasized that multinational buyers, including Nvidia, are anchoring R&D leadership locally rather than just acquiring headcount.

Sector trends show that capital continues to flow to Israel’s global strengths. Business Software led private funding with $4.5 billion, followed closely by Cybersecurity at $4.1 billion, where median deal size hit $20 million — double that of Business Software. Health Tech led in deal volume, completing 152 rounds.

Early-stage funding recovered to $3.9 billion, mid-stage funding jumped to $5.2 billion, and late-stage investment moderated at $2.5 billion. Mega-rounds accounted for roughly half of total private funding, highlighting the growing concentration of capital in fewer companies. Investor participation narrowed to 592 active investors, though 60% were international, signaling sustained global confidence.

Public company funding also grew to $10.3 billion, driven by U.S.-listed offerings from companies including Navan, eToro, and Via, as well as PIPEs and convertible bonds.

“2025 was not about a return to business as usual; it was a pivot toward high-conviction maturity,” said SNC CEO Avi Hasson. “When we see global giants like Nvidia expanding their operations here, alongside a record $74.3 billion in M&A activity, it confirms that Israel is not just a source of innovation — it is a global hub for critical technologies like AI and Cybersecurity.”

Looking ahead, Lotan identified to TPS-IL semiconductors, AI infrastructure, and climate and energy transition technologies as sectors likely to challenge the current leaders in 2026. He warned that while larger early-stage deals improve durability, fewer rounds could narrow the pipeline of new startups. “The likely outcome is a narrower funnel with higher maturity entering Series A, but a risk of missing breakthroughs that require longer exploration cycles,” he said.

By Pesach Benson • December 22, 2025

Jerusalem, 22 December, 2025 (TPS-IL) — A Chanukah celebration nearly turned tragic for a seven-year-old girl, but thanks to quick thinking by her teachers and rapid medical intervention, what could have been a life-threatening incident ended safely — a real Chanukah miracle at Hadassah Ein Kerem Hospital.

The incident occurred during a second-grade school party, where lollipops were handed out as part of the holiday festivities. At one point, the girl felt pain while swallowing and realized she had accidentally ingested not only the candy but also the stick. Acting quickly, she went to her teacher and the school principal to explain what had happened. Because the parents were not present, the staff immediately called them and stressed the need for urgent medical evaluation.

“When they called us from the school, we realized that we had to act quickly,” the girl’s father said. “It was obviously an alarming, unusual call. We arrived immediately and took her to the pediatrician. She had already started complaining of pain, and there was no doubt that something was wrong.”

The pediatrician recommended immediate transfer to a hospital specialist, noting that the stick — a hard object that can be sharp — posed a risk of internal damage if left in the digestive system.

“The doctor was very clear,” the father recalled. “He told us: This could get worse, don’t wait. Go to the hospital now.”

At Hadassah Ein Kerem, the pediatric emergency team began assessing the situation. “The concern was that the stick had been inserted too deeply, and since it was made of plastic and not metal, its location could not be tracked using a radiograph,” explained Dr. Tamar Orgad, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Hadassah. “One of the significant problems is that when the stick passes into the small intestine, it cannot be removed with a simple endoscopy, and it may advance and become stuck in the transition between the small intestine and the large intestine.” Such a blockage could require major surgery.

The girl was taken to the operating room, where Orgad and her operating room team successfully removed the stick from her stomach. The candy had dissolved, and the procedure ended without complications.

Describing the experience afterward, the girl said, “My face hurt and I didn’t know what to do. I was a little scared, but I was glad I told the teacher. In the hospital, I was scared before the surgery, but the doctors were nice and told me everything would be fine, which was very reassuring.”

Her father expressed relief. “The doctors were amazing, they calmed us, the girl, made sure we had a safe and quiet experience despite the stress. We are very happy that the story ended peacefully, and there were no complications even though some time passed from the moment of swallowing to the surgery. Here we have a Chanukah miracle at Hadassah.”

Dr. Orgad stressed a broader lesson for parents and caregivers. “During the removal of the stick, we realized in the ward that candy on a stick poses a risk to children. The stick is short and problematic for children to hold, and it is very easy to swallow it without noticing when you are a child.”

By Pesach Benson • December 21, 2025

Jerusalem, 21 December, 2025 (TPS-IL) — Israeli and European scientists have uncovered a previously unknown molecular mechanism that helps explain why aging and neurological disease are so often accompanied by sleep disturbances, mood disorders, and cognitive decline — and, crucially, how those effects may be reversed.

The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal *Nature Communications*, identified a longevity-linked enzyme as an active metabolic switch in the brain rather than a passive marker of aging.

The research centered on tryptophan, an essential amino acid commonly associated with sleep because it is a precursor to serotonin and melatonin. But researchers say that view is incomplete. Tryptophan also fuels a separate metabolic route that produces cellular energy, and the balance between these pathways is critical for brain health. For years, scientists have observed that this balance becomes disrupted in aging brains and even more severely in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, contributing to impaired mood, learning, and sleep. Until now, the molecular cause of that disruption was unknown.

“This imbalance has been documented repeatedly, but the mechanism behind it remained a mystery,” said Prof. Debra Toiber of Ben-Gurion University’s Department of Life Sciences, who led the research.

Using human cell lines alongside mouse and fruit fly models, Toiber’s team identified the enzyme sirtuin 6, or SIRT6, as the central regulator. SIRT6 is known for its role in longevity, but the study shows it also functions as a gatekeeper of tryptophan metabolism. When SIRT6 activity is intact, tryptophan is properly distributed between pathways that generate energy and those that produce serotonin and melatonin, neurotransmitters that protect the brain and regulate mood and sleep.

When SIRT6 activity declines — a hallmark of aging — that balance shifts dramatically. Tryptophan is diverted toward the kynurenine pathway, which supports energy production but also generates byproducts the researchers found to be toxic to nerve cells. At the same time, production of serotonin and melatonin drops, depriving the brain of compounds essential for neural stability.

“This is not just a gradual decline,” Toiber said. “It is an active metabolic rerouting that damages the nervous system.”

The scientists also demonstrated that the damage is not inevitable. In fruit fly models lacking SIRT6, the team inhibited a second enzyme, TDO2, which plays a key role in pushing tryptophan into the kynurenine pathway. Blocking TDO2 significantly prevented neuromotor deterioration and reduced pathological changes in brain tissue, pointing to a clear therapeutic opportunity.

“Our research positions the enzyme SIRT6 as a critical and primary drug target to combat degenerative brain pathology,” Toiber said. “These findings change the way we understand the relationship between aging and brain function. It is not simply wear and tear, but a specific metabolic malfunction that can be corrected.”

She added that the results open the door to the development of drugs that inhibit TDO2 or interventions, including nutritional strategies, that restore balance between tryptophan pathways. Rather than managing symptoms of sleep disorders, depression, or neurodegeneration, future therapies could aim to correct the underlying metabolic imbalance in tryptophan utilization. Compounds that enhance SIRT6 activity or selectively inhibit TDO2 could reduce the buildup of neurotoxic metabolites while restoring the production of serotonin and melatonin.

The study also raises the possibility of repurposing existing compounds. TDO2 has already been investigated in other fields, including cancer and immunology, meaning that experimental inhibitors and partial safety data may already exist. Redirecting or refining such compounds for neurological indications could significantly shorten development timelines compared to entirely new drugs.

Beyond treatment, the work suggests a path toward earlier diagnosis. Alterations in tryptophan metabolites or reduced SIRT6 activity could serve as biomarkers detectable in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, allowing clinicians to identify individuals at risk of cognitive decline, mood disorders, or sleep disturbances before symptoms become severe. Such biomarkers could also be used to more precisely monitor disease progression or response to therapy.

The international collaboration included researchers from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, KU Leuven’s VIB Center for Cancer Biology in Belgium, the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology in Russia, and the University of South Bohemia in the Czech Republic.